Planning for retirement can be daunting. According to a 2025 Gallup survey, 40% of Americans report having no money invested in a retirement savings plan, and Social Security alone cannot provide sufficient retirement income. To ensure a comfortable retirement, it is essential to understand your retirement investment options and create a personalized plan.
Key Takeaways
- Mutual funds, index funds, target-date funds, and exchange-traded funds are all types of pooled investments frequently used in retirement accounts.
- Investing and planning for retirement is necessary to maintain pre-retirement income.
- Diversified funds are useful to mitigate risk.
- A financial advisor can be a valuable resource in navigating the complexities of retirement planning.
How Should I Save for Retirement?
Many do not realize they must choose where their money will be invested when contributing to retirement accounts. Several types of investment funds can be held within retirement accounts. Understanding the available options is crucial to maximizing your savings.
Target Date Funds
A target-date fund is an investment option that adjusts its asset allocation over time, starting with higher-risk investments and becoming more conservative as the investor approaches retirement age. Portfolio managers employ a long-term strategy of investing the fund in riskier stocks in the early years, and shifting to more stable assets such as bonds in the later years.
Because these funds require more oversight, they frequently come with higher fees than other passive investments. However, active management allows for a hands-off approach to retirement investing and is suitable for those who prefer not to manage their own portfolios.
Mutual Funds
A mutual fund pools money from many investors, then invests the money in stocks, bonds, other assets and securities, or a combination of those options. The combined holdings the fund owns are known as the portfolio, and each mutual fund share represents a partial ownership of the fund’s portfolio.
Like individual stocks or bonds, a mutual fund is a type of investment you can purchase. A retirement account is not a mutual fund itself, but the account that holds the mutual fund. There are other ways to invest in mutual funds, but doing so through retirement accounts can help alleviate your tax burden. Money contributed to retirement accounts, such as 401(k) plans and individual retirement accounts (IRAs), is most frequently invested in mutual funds.
Index Funds
An index fund is a type of mutual fund or exchange-traded fund designed to track the performance of a market index, such as the S&P 500. Some index funds invest in all of the securities in a market index, while others invest only in a sample assortment of securities included in the market index.
ETFs
Similar to mutual funds, exchange-traded funds (ETFs) are a type of investment that pools multiple assets rather than just one, but are purchased and sold as individual products. The primary difference is that ETFs are traded throughout the day, similar to stocks, whereas mutual funds are traded once per day at market close.
ETFs are sometimes preferred due to their trading flexibility and lower fees; however, while mutual funds tend to have higher costs, they offer more in-depth professional management. ETFs can also provide more tax advantages, as investors only pay capital gains tax when selling the shares.
Why Diversifying Your Investments Matters
Diversifying your portfolio means spreading your investments across asset classes and investment types. This is done to reduce risk, as diversity across investments means you won’t incur detrimental loss due to the poor performance of an individual stock or other asset.
Target date, mutual fund, index, and exchange-traded funds offer diversification without the need to buy and sell hundreds of individual assets. These investment options make diversification much easier for the average person since the funds are spread across hundreds or even thousands of different investments without the individual having to choose and purchase them separately.
Without diversification, you risk losing your invested money by putting all your eggs into one basket, which could set you back significantly when planning for retirement. Some people choose to take on more risk in investments when they’re younger and shift to more conservative options as they approach retirement age.
How much should you save for retirement?
It is generally recommended to save 10-15% of your income for retirement. This amount includes employer-matched contributions and assumes a starting age of 25 and retirement age of 67. The earlier you begin saving for retirement, the lower the percentage of your annual income needed.
For example, the recommended 15% is based on the assumption of saving and working from the ages of 25 to 67. If you did not begin saving for retirement until age 35, you would need to save around 23% of your annual income. It is also important to consider that these are just average suggestions, and the amount you need to save can differ depending on individual circumstances.
How can a financial advisor help?
A financial advisor can help you stay on track for retirement by considering your individual needs and guiding you through important decisions, enabling you to maximize your retirement income and minimize taxes with a strategy that maintains your lifestyle. Financial advisors are particularly beneficial for individuals with complex financial situations or a high net worth.
Proper retirement planning analyzes Social Security benefits, tax-advantaged withdrawal strategies, healthcare costs, and longevity risk to ensure you can enjoy retirement without financial stress.
Bottom Line
Knowing what to invest your retirement account contributions in can be a confusing decision. There are several types of funds, each with its own considerations. Horizons Wealth Management’s financial planning services can help you make informed decisions and develop a personalized retirement plan tailored to your goals.
Retirement Investment FAQ
What is a good monthly retirement income?
Generally, it is recommended that your retirement income be 80-100% of your pre-retirement income.
Are pooled funds required to save for retirement?
While they aren’t required, many prefer to invest in pooled funds for retirement investing as they incur less risk than putting large amounts of money in individual stocks. These funds also enable a more hands-off approach compared to the constant oversight required for personal investments.
Is it better to have someone manage my investments?
Managing your own retirement investments can quickly become overwhelming and time-consuming. Hiring a professional can alleviate that stress and provide you with insight into options you may not have been aware of otherwise.